HIV is a virus that predominantly targets CD4-positive (CD4+) T-helper cells, which are white blood cells, in the immune system of the body.

These cells sometimes referred to as CD4 cells, T-helper cells, or T4 cells, play a critical role in identifying pathogens that enter the body and in setting up an immune response to fight them. If HIV is not treated, it invades and kills CD4 cells, lowering the immune system's ability to combat infections and diseases.

If their CD4 cell count drops below a certain threshold or if they develop certain immune system-related disorders, they may be diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, generally known as AIDS, the most advanced stage of HIV infection.

HIV/AIDS Signs and Symptoms

There are three basic stages of HIV infection, each with its own set of symptoms.

Stage 1 of HIV infection is acute.

In the first two to four weeks after contracting HIV, slightly more than two thirds experience symptoms resembling a severe case of the flu. As the immune system mobilises to combat the virus, fever may occur along with other symptoms such a sore throat, swollen glands, mouth sores, rashes, diarrhoea, tiredness, headache, and soreness in the muscles and joints.

This stage can last anywhere from a few days to many weeks and is sometimes referred to as acute infection or primary HIV infection.

Clinical Latency, Stage 2

HIV-positive individuals who are not currently taking medication still have enough virus in their system to infect others even if they are symptom-free. Additionally, the virus gradually weakens the immune system, which has a negative impact on health.

Stage 3 of AIDS

If someone with HIV is not treated, they will eventually develop AIDS.

AIDS symptoms Include

• Unexpected loss of weight
• ongoing fever
• night sweats
• weakened and worn out
• swollen lymph nodes
• continual diarrhoea
• Anus sores, genital sores, or mouth sores

Some of these symptoms may be brought on by a so-called opportunistic infection, such as pneumonia, which an HIV-damaged immune system is unable to effectively battle.


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Dr. Raina’s Safe Hands Clinic
Dr. Vinod Raina HIV Doctor in Delhi
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