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Advanced Materials in Iron Production: Enhancing Strength and Durability

Posted by Animesh Rao on August 9, 2024 at 6:11am 0 Comments

Iron is a fundamental element, widely regarded as one of the most versatile and essential materials in the world. As a key component in steel production, iron plays a crucial role in building infrastructure, machinery, transportation, and various other industries. The iron industry, which encompasses the mining of iron ore, its processing into pig iron, and the manufacturing of steel, is a backbone of modern industrial economies.



The iron industry has evolved over centuries, with… Continue

 

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You can add your typical cable modem and/or router into the mix. The main issue here is to ensure that your PPPoE Server can access the Internet without any problems. To verify this, just do a quick ping test to google.com or yahoo.com.
All we have to do is add them into the /etc/network/interfaces so that once the computer boots and detects the interface is connected, it’ll boot up the PPPoE Server. The PPPoE Server resides in eth1 in this example below:
For one reason or another, I needed to setup a PPPoE Server on my Ubuntu machine. Unfortunately almost all the guides found were talking about setting a PPPoE client connected to a PPPoE Server. So I spend a few days testing and trying out different configurations, until I finally found how to set it up from scratch. The below instructions will look similar to the guide I referenced, but there are some extra steps to ensure that your connection will be able to access Internet properly.
PC --- PPPoE Server (Ubuntu) --- Internet.
How to create a PPPoE Server on Ubuntu?
Next, add a username into the correct secrets file. Since we’re using require-chap, we will add it into /etc/ppp/chap-secrets. The syntax is simple: follow the example below to add a user (alice) with a simple password (1234).
Step #2: Install PPP and RP-PPPoE.
Several files need to be created before we can start PPPoE Server. First, modify the /etc/ppp/pppoe-server-options and change it to the following:
Step #4: Set PPPoE Scripts.
For complete purposes, below is a stop script to nicely tear down the PPPoE Server and revert any changes.
That’s it! Once that’s completed, then the PPPoE Server will boot up automatically and start handling traffic.
Step #3: Setup PPPoE Settings.
Last of all, setup the IP addresses to lease for the PPPoE Server. We’re giving IP addresses 172.32.50.2 to 172.32.50.30:

The -m option for pppoe-server is needed so that the packets don’t go beyond MTU size after the PPPoE header is attached.
Step #1: Topology Setup.
First of all, the topology needs to be setup as followed:
One note: make sure that the file has the correct permissions. Sometimes the PPPoE Server won’t start if the file isn’t restricted enough. A simple chmod command will do here:
Troubleshooting.
#comment: code snippets.
If you cannot access this, check your interface. Most likely something is misconfigured there. There are several guides on how to enable your interface properly: – Network Configuration.
We are ready to start PPPoE Server. Several things to worry about: the firewall needs to be set properly so that the PPPoE Server will be able to transfer traffic from one interface to the other, and IP forwarding needs to be enabled. Since these options will have to set every time Ubuntu reboots, they’re part of the start PPPoE script. It’s placed under /etc/ppp/start_pppoe.
> sudo apt-get install ppp.
> sudo chmod 600 /etc/ppp/chap-secrets.
The second package (rp-pppoe) requires you to build it on your own. Start by grabbing the package from this website (Roaring Penguin)
Usually, there’s always some sort of issue getting the PPPoE Server working. I found that using wireshark makes it easier to debug the situation. However, usually the interface (eth1) isn’t up for wireshark to sniff. Make the modifications below to bring up the interface without assigning an IP address to it:
Step #5: Automatically start/stop PPPoE Server.
You will need to install these components to get the PPPoE Server working. The first one is simple: just grab the ppp package from Ubuntu:
http://hahanhemar1985.eklablog.com/download-v34-for-css-a177913736

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