In this study, video complexity was experimentally manipulated using four principles from the literature on multimedia learning. These include the segmentation effect, signaling effect, spatial contingency effect, and coherence effect.줌테스트

Among these, the most important result was that videos with same-language captions improve second-language learners’ listening comprehension. This finding is consistent with previous research.
1. Improved Listening Comprehension

A major benefit of video is that it allows learners to hear the language spoken by multiple speakers. This helps them become more familiar with the way different people pronounce words, and it exposes them to a variety of accents and tones in English. By doing so, they become better equipped to understand native English speakers when they encounter them in real life.

It is also helpful to have visual cues while listening, which are available in many videos. In fact, one study found that learners who watched YouTube videos were more likely to comprehend a passage when it was accompanied by a video rather than audio alone. Additionally, they were able to recall the vocabulary more quickly.

Another great advantage of using videos to learn English is that they help to increase learners' motivation and engagement. This is important as it can lead to greater success in the classroom, where students will be eager to watch and discuss the topics and themes that are presented in a video. This, in turn, can foster great classroom discussions and debates on the topic, as well as inspire students to speak about their own experiences and opinions.

In addition to improving listening comprehension, videos can help students develop their vocabulary and grammar skills as well. For example, Cintron-Valentin and Garcia-Amayo found that watching YouTube videos with textually enhanced captions helped learners better understand grammatical structures. This is because it activates both the listening and viewing channels at the same time. This helps students 'fill in the gaps' that may occur while learning new words or phrases, as they can see what the word or phrase looks like on the screen.

Moreover, students who watch YouTube videos will have the opportunity to experience immersion-based learning, which is very similar to what they would find when traveling or living in an English-speaking country. This is because videos will introduce them to the culture of English-speaking countries, including customs, beliefs, sports, food, and lifestyles. In doing so, it will give them a more authentic experience and make the process of learning English more exciting and fun.
2. Improved Reading Comprehension

Video is a great way to train reading comprehension. It exposes learners to a range of texts, including narrative, documentary and informational videos. These videos are designed to engage learners, so they are more likely to listen and read along. As a result, students learn better than they would just from written text alone.

Many studies have shown that watching video improves listening, reading and speaking comprehension. It also improves vocabulary, grammar and eye-movements. In addition, videos can also help students develop a greater sense of cultural understanding and build social connections with other learners.

In fact, some researchers have found that watching video can even encourage students to interact with each other and participate in classroom discussions. This can help students develop the skills needed to understand and discuss complex topics, which are important for their overall English learning.

For example, a YouTube video can help elicit discussion on a specific topic, such as the differences between British and American culture. Students can then use the discussion to write a summary in their journal or create a class presentation.

Another way video can aid reading comprehension is by teaching students to make inferences. This is an important skill for English learners because it helps them to connect information and understand that there may be more than one correct answer. When students see a particular scene in a movie or TV show, they can then use their knowledge of the story to infer what will happen next.

For instance, a teacher can have their students watch a short clip from Pixar's For the Birds and then have them complete a writing activity where they describe what might happen. This can help students develop inference skills that they will use when reading more detailed literature.

In a recent study, Baniabdelrahman investigated the impact of using YouTube videos on EFL students' speaking ability and found that it was effective. Students that watched the YouTube videos showed significant progress and improvement in their speaking skills. This was particularly evident in their fluency & coherence, lexical resource, grammatical range and accuracy, and pronunciation.
3. Improved Writing Comprehension

Using video to teach English language learners is an effective and engaging way to help them master vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, writing, and more. In fact, integrating videos into English lesson plans can be an excellent supplement to formal classroom instruction and practice activities. YouTube videos in particular are a great resource for providing students with natural linguistic content that they can use to expand their lexicon and develop their understanding of English grammar, syntax, word formation, and meaning.

In one study, Silviyanti found that EFL students were eager to watch educational YouTube videos and practice their pronunciation skills with native speakers. Furthermore, they reported that YouTube videos familiarized them with native speakers’ cultural background, which strengthened their ability to understand English.

Another recent study explored the potential of YouTube videos to support English language learners’ grammatical competence. The researchers found that YouTube videos provided a valuable learning resource in terms of increasing students’ vocabulary, making their English learning interesting, and improving their listening comprehension. They also discovered that incorporating YouTube videos into classrooms can enhance students’ writing proficiency by providing them with opportunities to summarize and present information in written form.

Video is an effective tool for teaching a variety of English language learning skills, but teachers need to be aware of the limitations that may occur with utilizing YouTube for these purposes. Some of these limitations include the lack of structure and support that can be given to learners through video, the need for additional pedagogical resources, and the potential for distractions that can interfere with student learning.

For these reasons, it is important for teachers to utilize the tools provided by YouTube to ensure that students’ learning goals are being met. These tools can include posting the language and content objectives in the shared digital document that is used to capture the lesson, encouraging learners to discuss the language and content goals with one another through the chat feature in Google Classroom, and asking learners to self-assess their progress towards meeting those goals in the shared document.

Additionally, teachers can provide their students with more structured and supported opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge of English language concepts and vocabulary through creating a visual representation of their understanding through Screencastify. Whether it’s a picture, video, or text, giving learners multiple ways to show what they know helps them build confidence and master English.
4. Improved Speaking Comprehension

A video camera is a powerful tool that enables students to see their own speaking mistakes and practice self-correction. Recording their own voices can be a revelation for many learners who are not used to hearing themselves speaking English, and most take the opportunity to critique their performance. Some even make copies to show their family members, or use the recordings as a means of measuring their progress.

Authentic language inputs through YouTube videos can also help EFL learners overcome linguistic inhibitions and feel free to discuss their ideas with others in the classroom. Cakir (2006) found that using videos as learning materials for speaking classes can facilitate the development of students' abilities to formulate longer and more complex statements, to ask questions and express opinions more confidently. Moreover, he also found that students in the experimental group were able to demonstrate an improvement in their fluency and coherence, and their lexical resources and grammatical range and accuracy.

One of the most significant findings of this special issue on Video-Enhanced English Proficiency is that the use of captioned YouTube video can improve learners' listening and speaking ability by providing them with a more realistic learning environment than their classrooms. Students are exposed to different speakers with varying accents and a variety of topics, allowing them to practice their pronunciation and to understand how the English language is used in real-world situations.

In addition, YouTube videos offer a wider selection of language content than traditional textbooks, making them more interesting to students. The results of the research conducted by Silviyanti (2014) indicated that most students were eager and keen to watch YouTube videos in the classroom, and they appeared to enjoy watching videos in their spare time.

Considering the numerous benefits that come with using YouTube videos in an EFL classroom, this article encourages teachers to incorporate them into their curriculum and give them a try. The videos are very easy to understand, and they can be useful for developing all four skills of English in a fun and entertaining way. Moreover, the videos are available for free and can be easily downloaded to the computers or mobile devices of students.