Fennel seeds have a unique flavor that can be compared to a combination of anise seed and licorice. These small, greenish-brown seeds with vertical ridges are used in a wide range of recipes, especially in Italian and Asian cuisine. This spice is also used in Egypt, North African countries, and some other regions as well. In case of Italian Cuisine, fennel seeds are mainly used in pasta sauces, sausages, meat balls, etc. It is also used in fish recipes and a number of other dishes. You may find this spice in soups, pork dishes, fish stocks, salami, and curries. It can be used in whole or in ground form. A basic understanding about fennel seed substitutes may help you out, when you run out of this spice. Those who are allergic to fennel seeds may opt for its substitutes, while preparing dishes that call for this spice. Given below are some substitutions for fennel seeds.

Anise Seeds: An ideal substitute for fennel seeds is anise seeds, as they have a similar flavor. As compared to fennel, anise seeds are little bit smaller, and are more pungent. So, both these spices are used as substitutes for each other, in equal amounts.
Cumin Seeds: Cumin seeds and fennel seeds slightly differ in flavor. The former has a spicy and earthy aroma. If you require a teaspoon of fennel seeds, you may replace it with an equal amount of cumin seeds.
Licorice Root: The flavor of fennel seeds is similar to that of licorice root. However, make sure to use a lesser amount of licorice, as it has a stronger flavor, as compared to fennel. For example, if you require a teaspoon of fennel seeds, half a teaspoon of licorice powder would be sufficient as a replacement.
Caraway Seeds: If you don’t have any of the fennel seed substitutes mentioned above, you may go for caraway seeds. Even though, caraway lacks the sweet flavor of fennel, it can impart a slightly similar taste.
Dill Seeds: These seeds resemble caraway in flavor, and can be used as a substitute for fennel seeds. Even this alternative may not be as flavorful as fennel or anise seeds.
Among these options, anise seeds can be considered ideal as a fennel substitute. If you do not have this spice, you may use any of the other alternatives. If your recipe calls for ground fennel seeds, use the ground form of the substitute. These substitutes are meant for culinary purposes, and if you intend to use fennel as a herbal remedy, it will be better to avoid using replacements. Even if you use fennel seed substitutes for culinary purposes, make sure that the substitute does not alter the flavor of the dish. So, it is your discretion to choose the right fennel substitute for a particular dish.