The arrival of anesthesia in the 19th century changed surgery. Before its finding, operations were excruciatingly uncomfortable and often painful for patients. The utilization of ether and chloroform as anesthetics allowed surgeons to execute more complex and extended procedures without producing intolerable pain. This time also saw the progress of antiseptic practices, pioneered by Joseph Lister, which significantly paid off the incidence of postoperative infections and changed surgery into a better practice.

The 20th century observed unprecedented developments in medical technology and techniques. The development of antibiotics further decreased illness costs, while the release of imaging systems like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI revolutionized diagnostic capabilities. Surgeons can today see inner structures with جراحی ابدومینوپلاستی amazing clarity, enabling more specific and less invasive interventions. That era also saw the increase of specific medical fields, including neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, and orthopedic surgery, each with its possess pair of practices and innovations.

Minimally intrusive surgery (MIS), an important milestone, appeared in the latter 1 / 2 of the 20th century. Laparoscopic practices, which require small incisions and the utilization of a camera and specific tools, reduced injury to the body, reduced recovery times, and increased individual outcomes. This process has been applied to numerous procedures, from gallbladder treatment to complicated cardiac and gastrointestinal surgeries. Robotic-assisted surgery, an expansion of MIS, has more improved accuracy, enabling highly complex techniques with higher precision and control.

Nowadays, surgery remains to evolve with the integration of cutting-edge technologies. Robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented fact (AR) are in the lead of this transformation. Robotic techniques, including the da Vinci Medical Process, provide surgeons with increased skill and visualization, translating hand actions in to specific actions within the body. AI and unit learning are increasingly being leveraged to boost operative planning, predict outcomes, and support in real-time decision-making during procedures. AR, which overlays electronic information onto the surgeon's field of view, promotes spatial recognition and supports the navigation of complex anatomical structures.