Leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) are among the most popular reptiles for pet owners due to their docile nature, manageable size, and vibrant colors. If you’re considering adding a leopard gecko to your family or want to ensure you’re providing the best care for your current pet, this comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know.

1. Understanding Leopard Geckos

Leopard Gecko are native to the arid regions of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. They are nocturnal and have distinctive spotted patterns, which provide excellent camouflage in their natural habitat. These geckos are known for their friendly demeanor and can live for over 15 years in captivity with proper care.

2. Setting Up the Habitat

Enclosure

• Size: A 20-gallon tank is suitable for one leopard gecko, but larger is always better. A 40-gallon tank is ideal for multiple geckos.
• Type: Glass aquariums are common, but ensure it has a secure lid to prevent escapes.

Substrate

Choose a substrate that is safe and easy to clean. Options include:

• Reptile carpet: Non-toxic and easy to replace.
• Paper towels: Simple and hygienic, especially for hatchlings.
• Tile: Provides a natural look and is easy to clean.

Avoid using sand or loose substrates, as they can cause impaction if ingested.

Heating and Lighting

• Temperature: Maintain a gradient with a warm side (88-92°F) and a cool side (75-80°F). Use an under-tank heater or heat mat.
• Lighting: Leopard geckos don’t require UVB lighting like some other reptiles, but providing a low-level UVB light can benefit their health. Ensure they have a day/night cycle with 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness.

3. Feeding Leopard Geckos

Diet

Leopard geckos are insectivores, meaning their diet primarily consists of insects. Common food options include:

• Crickets
• Mealworms
• Dubia roaches
• Waxworms (as treats)

Feeding Schedule

• Hatchlings: Feed daily, offering small insects.
• Juveniles: Feed every other day.
• Adults: Feed 2-3 times a week.

Always provide a calcium supplement with D3, and a multivitamin once a week to ensure proper nutrition.

4. Water and Humidity

Provide fresh water in a shallow dish. Change it daily to keep it clean. Leopard geckos prefer low humidity (around 30-40%), so ensure good ventilation in the enclosure. Occasionally mist the substrate to help with shedding, but avoid excessive moisture.

5. Handling and Interaction

Leopard geckos are generally friendly and enjoy handling, but it's essential to do so correctly:

• Allow your gecko to acclimate to their new environment for a week before handling.
• Always support their body when picking them up.
• Avoid grabbing their tails, as they can drop them if threatened.

6. Health Care

Regular Check-Ups

Schedule regular veterinary check-ups, especially if you notice any changes in appetite, behavior, or appearance. Signs of health issues include:

• Weight loss
• Swelling
• Lethargy

Shedding

Leopard geckos shed their skin regularly. Ensure they have a rough surface to help with shedding, and maintain proper humidity levels to aid this process. If shedding is incomplete, gently assist with shedding by soaking the gecko in a shallow, lukewarm water bath.

7. Common Issues

• Impaction: Caused by ingesting substrate. Ensure your gecko is fed on safe surfaces.
• Mites: Regularly check your gecko and habitat for mites, treating promptly if found.
• Respiratory infections: Look for labored breathing or discharge. Maintain proper temperature and humidity to prevent these issues.

8. Conclusion

Caring for a leopard gecko can be a rewarding experience, providing companionship and fascination. With the right habitat, diet, and handling practices, your leopard gecko can thrive and be a beloved part of your home for many years. Always continue to educate yourself about their care and adapt to their needs as they grow. Enjoy your journey with these charming reptiles!