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What is OBE and its Benefits
Outcome Based Education is a model of education which makes the education system to revolve around predefined outcomes. OBE is a learner-centric approach that ensures that each student can demonstrate his knowledge after successful completion of the learning experience. In this system, the progress of students is assessed at each stage with appropriate indicators. OBE prepares the students with the appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes to make the scholars socially productive and accountable.
Benefits of OBE
Enhance Quality of Education: All the Washington Accord nations are bound to follow predefined Programme Outcomes and guarantee the outcome of education due to which the quality of education would be enhanced to international standards.
Clarity of Focus: Clarity of Focus is enhanced with implementation of OBE as teachers have more clarity in designing curriculum, content, teaching methodology and assessments are designed with a clear focus on what is essential to ensure the outcomes and students can also streamline the learning activities for actualizing the outcome.
Flexibility:Continuous Quality Improvement is the important feature of OBE system. The specific indicators signify the feedback at every stage of teaching and learning which provides scope for a flexible system as compared to that of rigidity of traditional education system.
Realistic assessment and evaluation: OBE is a need-based learning approach and not a rigid one with respect to instruction and strategies. Student is the main centre of educational activities and role of teacher is only of a facilitator who inspires the student activity. Knowledge and skills are the indicators to provide scope for peer tutoring and evaluation, self-assessment and evaluation from the view of employers regarding the performance of the students that makes assessment.
OBE and Accreditation of Higher Educational Institutes
OBE has proven a shift in education paradigm teacher centric to learner centric approach. In India the implementation of OBE was mandated by National Board of Accreditation (NBA) for all the Graduate Engineering Programmes as a result of signing Washington Accord. The purpose of Washington Accord is to mutually recognize and accept the qualifications accredited by signatories.In this regard, the NBA has explicitly mentioned: “No OBE, No Accreditation”.
In other Higher Education Institutes, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has introduced the development of OBE framework as the main step to be followed and include special credits to the institutes who have followed the OBE implementation
Important Terms
Programme Educational Objectives (PEO):These are the broad statements that describe what the students are expected to do within a few years of their graduation for their career and professional life
Programme Outcomes (PO):These are the expectations that students need to know and be able to apply by the time they leave the institution.
Programme Specific Outcomes (PSO):These statements are program specific that pertains the knowledge of a students on successful completion of a particular program.
Course Outcomes (CO):These statements discuss about the knowledge and skill that the student attains fromaparticular course.
Mapping: With the advent of OBE, mapping has played its important role inmeasuring the relationship between various essentials of OBE. COs of a course are mapped using a four-point scale from 0 to 3 that measures the strength of the outcome attained. Likewise, COs are mapped to the POs and PSOs
OBE Framework
Structure and Process of OBE
To implement OBE effectively in any institute, various roles and responsibilities need to be defined for each component. Following table gives the broad categorization of different roles and responsibilities to be followed by different members of the organization.
Components of OBE Roles/Responsibilities
Vision, Missions, PEOs, POs The Management
PSOs HOD, Department
COs Faculty In-charge of the Course
Outcome Based Education is based on Continuous Quality Improvement Process where the first phase is to plan the learning outcomes and different assessment strategies using the appropriate mix of direct and indirect approaches. Once the outcomes have been planned, then implementation of the strategies is done in next phase. in designing the academic activities, the outcomes be placed in the consideration even in the first step i.e., curriculum design. It follows a top-down approach in design. The curricular activities should be planned and implemented in the light of “Traceback the strategy from the desired end result”.
OBE and Bloom’s Taxonomy
While standardizing Course Outcomes we must include action verbs given as per Bloom’s Taxonomy to make them comprehensive and quantifiable so that the Outcomes can be measured and mapped with the revised Bloom’s taxonomy which emphasizes on following approach:
Before we can understand a concept, we have to remember it
Before we can apply the concept, we must understand it
Before we analyse it, we must be able to apply it
Before we can evaluate its impact, we must have analyzed it
Before we can create, we must have remembered, understood, applied, analyzed, and evaluated.
Implementation Challenges
OBE has brought a shift in education paradigm that gave rise to various implementation challenges in the system. Major challenges faced in implementation are:
Not adaptable to the new system
Selection of new pedagogy
Standardization of the learning Outcomes
Mapping of Outcomes
Difficulty in evaluation and assessment
Selection of Scale for validation of Outcomes
Conclusion
OBE development is in its early stage in Higher Education System in India. With the implementation of OBE, the educational goals have shifted beyond mere acquisition of knowledge to deep learning and critical thinking. Ambiguity and confusion are understandable in its evolving phase due to huge diversity in the standardization of its approaches for an efficient OBE implementation. But the system needs to be supportive to both students and teachers in overcoming barriers on the way to execution of OBE framework as it is the magnificent approach that would help the students grow in their careers and face the challenging world.
Source from: https://icloudems.wordpress.com/2021/04/09/implementation-of-obe-in...
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