A questionnaire is a type of research tool that consists of a series of questions that are used to collect information from respondents. Data collection is more standardized with questionnaires. To each respondent, the same question is posed. Questionnaires are created by researchers based on survey objectives, which are formed from a thorough understanding of the study issue and the respondents' chosen pool (or sample).

As a result, questionnaires are quite important in the project topic research process. In Descriptive and Causal Research, questionnaires are an essential instrument. A good questionnaire is built around the survey objectives and is designed to extract the information needed from respondents in a non-biased manner. Bias, in the eyes of the researcher, is anything that skews the results. Questionnaires are similar to written interviews in that they collect information. They can be done in person, over the phone, on the computer, or by mail. Questionnaires are a low-cost, rapid, and effective approach to collect significant amounts of data from a big number of people.

Because the researcher is not required to be present while the surveys are completed, data can be obtained fast.When conducting interviews with large groups of people is impractical, this method is useful. However, one issue with questionnaires is that respondents may lie in order to maintain social status.

Most people want to project a nice picture of themselves, therefore they may lie or stretch the truth to make themselves look better, such as when students inflate their revision time. Questionnaires can be a cost-effective and quick way to assess the behavior, attitudes, preferences, opinions, and intentions of a large number of people. To collect data, a questionnaire frequently employs both open and closed questions. This is advantageous since it allows for the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data.
A good questionnaire should not be too lengthy. Simple English should be used and the question shouldn’t be difficult to answer. A good questionnaire requires sensible language, editing, assessment, and redrafting.

State the information required: This will depend upon the nature of the problem, the purpose of the study and hypothesis framed. The target audience must be concentrated on.
Indicate the type of interviewing technique: telephone, mail, personal interview, or electronic interview are all options. A computer can help in a telephonic interview. Personal interviews can take place in the respondent's home or in a mall or shopping center. A mail panel can be used for a mail interview. Electronic interviews are conducted over the internet or via electronic mail.

Determine the subject/content of each question: Is the question significant? There are two deciding considerations here. - Examine each question's contribution. Is the question helpful in achieving the study's goal?Is there a need for several questions or a single question? - Several questions are asked in the following cases:
i)When cross-checking is required ii)When the responses are confusing iii)When people are unwilling to provide accurate information

Overcome the respondents' hesitation and inability to respond. The following factors may cause respondents to be unable to respond to the questions:
It's possible that the respondent isn't fully informed.
The respondent may not remember
The may be unable to express or articulate
The respondent may be unwilling to answer due to-
There could be private information that causes embarrassment or harms the respondent's reputation.

The respondent may not be familiar with the genuine purpose
To the respondent, the inquiry may appear to be unimportant.
The respondent will not reveal aggressive characteristics (for example, if asked, "Do you hit your wife, sister," etc.).
To overcome the respondent’s unwillingness to answer:
a)At the end of the questionnaire, include the sensitive themes.

b)Start the question with a statement c)Use the third-person style (For example, Mark really needed a job, but he went about it the incorrect way - Is that right??) Depending on the situation, various people will have different ideas.)
d)Rather than asking for a certain response figure, categorize the responses (For example - Group for income levels 0-25000, 25000-50000, 50000 and above)

Decide on the structure of the question: Questions can be of two types
Structured questions: These define the collection of response options as well as the format of the responses. Several choice questions (with multiple response categories), dichotomous questions (with only two response categories, such as "Yes" or "No"), and scales are the three types (discussed already).

Open-ended inquiries are also known as unstructured questions: There are no suggested options, and respondents are allowed to respond to these questions in whatever way they see fit.
Determine the language and phrasing of the questions: If the questions are badly phrased, respondents will either refuse to answer or will offer inaccurate replies. As a result, the question's terms should be carefully chosen. Words that are common and unambiguous should be utilized. Assumptions, generalizations, and implicit alternatives should all be avoided. Questions that are biased should be avoided. Define the problem in terms of who the questionnaire is for, what information is needed, when it is needed, why the question is being asked, and so on.

Properly arrange the questions: To determine the order of the questions, make decisions on aspects such as opening questions (simple, interesting questions should be used as opening questions to gain co-operation and confidence from respondents), type of information (basic information relates to the research issue, classification information relates to social and demographic characteristics, and identifiable information relates to the research issue), and type of information (basic information relates to the research issue, classification information relates to social and demographic characteristics, and identify
Recognize the questionnaire's shape and layout: This is critical for self-administered questionnaires. Questions should be pre-coded and numbered. The layout should appear sleek and ordered, rather than clattered.

Make a duplicate of the questionnaire: The paper should be of decent quality. The questionnaire should have a professional appearance. The amount of space necessary for the replies to the question should be adequate. Font size and typeface should be adequate. Vertical response questions should be used whenever possible.

Pre-test the questionnaire: The questionnaire should be pre-tested on a small number of respondents to identify the likely problems and to eliminate them. Each and every dimension of the questionnaire should be pre-tested. The sample respondents should be similar to the target respondents of the
Completion of the questionnaire: Examine the questionnaire's final draft. Consider how useful the information gleaned from each question will be to the study. Make sure you don't ask any inquiries that aren't relevant. Obtain comments from the questionnaire respondents. Best wishes…