Cusco, the historic capital of the Inca Empire, is a city rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. Nestled in the Peruvian Andes, it serves as a gateway to the famous Machu Picchu and offers a plethora of activities for travelers. From ancient archaeological sites to vibrant local markets, Cusco promises a memorable experience for every visitor. This guide explores some of the best things to do in Cusco, ensuring you make the most of your visit.

1. Discovering the Historic Center

Plaza de Armas

The heart of Cusco, the Plaza de Armas, is a must-visit. Surrounded by colonial arcades, churches, and vibrant gardens, this historic square is the perfect starting point for exploring the city. Here, you can visit the Cusco Cathedral, a magnificent structure that houses impressive artworks and relics from the colonial era.

Church of the Society of Jesus

Located on the Plaza de Armas, this Jesuit church is known for its stunning baroque architecture. The interior is equally impressive, with ornate altars, beautiful frescoes, and an extensive collection of colonial art.

2. Exploring Incan Ruins

Sacsayhuamán

Just a short hike from the city center, Sacsayhuamán is one of the most significant Inca sites in Cusco. This ancient fortress features massive stone walls that fit together with remarkable precision. The site offers panoramic views of Cusco and the surrounding valleys, making it a favorite spot for both history enthusiasts and photographers.

Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun)

Once the most important temple in the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to Inti, the Sun God. The Spanish conquistadors built the Santo Domingo Church on its foundations, but remnants of the original Inca masonry are still visible. The site includes a museum that provides insights into Inca cosmology and the temple's historical significance.

Tambomachay

It features a series of aqueducts, canals, and waterfalls that are still functioning today. The site is surrounded by beautiful landscapes, making it a peaceful spot to explore.

3. Immersing in Local Culture

San Pedro Market

For a taste of local life, visit the San Pedro Market. This bustling market offers a variety of goods, from fresh produce and traditional foods to handmade crafts and souvenirs. It's an excellent place to try local delicacies, such as ceviche, tamales, and fresh fruit juices.

Traditional Dance and Music Shows

Cusco is a vibrant cultural hub, and attending a traditional dance and music show is a great way to immerse yourself in the local culture. Many venues in the city offer performances that showcase traditional Andean music and dance, providing a glimpse into the region's rich cultural heritage.

4. Trekking and Outdoor Adventures

The Inca Trail

One of the most famous treks in the world, the Inca Trail leads adventurers through stunning Andean landscapes and ancient Incan ruins, culminating in the breathtaking sight of Machu Picchu. The classic trek takes four days, but shorter options are also available.

Salkantay Trek

For those seeking a less crowded alternative to the Inca Trail, the Salkantay Trek offers a challenging and scenic route to Machu Picchu. This trek takes you through diverse landscapes, including snow-capped mountains, lush rainforests, and high-altitude plains. It's a more physically demanding trek, but the stunning scenery makes it worthwhile.

Rainbow Mountain

Vinicunca, or Rainbow Mountain, is a geological wonder known for its vibrant, multi-colored strata. Guided tours are available from Cusco, providing transportation and support for the trek.

5. Day Trips from Cusco

Sacred Valley

The Sacred Valley of the Incas is a fertile region dotted with picturesque villages, ancient ruins, and terraced fields. Popular stops include Pisac, known for its impressive archaeological site and lively market, and Ollantaytambo, a well-preserved Inca town with a stunning fortress. The valley's beauty and historical significance make it a perfect day trip from Cusco.

Maras and Moray

Visit the salt mines of Maras and the circular agricultural terraces of Moray for a fascinating day trip. The salt mines, in use since Inca times, are a striking sight with their terraces of white salt pools. Moray's circular terraces are believed to have been an agricultural laboratory for the Incas, allowing them to experiment with different crops and microclimates.

6. Culinary Experiences

Traditional Peruvian Cuisine

Cusco offers a wide range of dining options, from street food stalls to upscale restaurants. Don't miss the chance to try traditional Peruvian dishes such as ceviche, lomo saltado (stir-fried beef), and cuy (guinea pig).

Cooking Classes

For a hands-on culinary experience, consider taking a cooking class. Many establishments in Cusco offer classes that include a visit to a local market to select ingredients, followed by a cooking session where you learn to prepare traditional Peruvian dishes.

7. Relaxation and Wellness

Hot Springs

After days of exploring and trekking, a visit to the hot springs in Aguas Calientes (also known as Machu Picchu Pueblo) can be a relaxing treat. The town, located near Machu Picchu, has thermal baths where you can soak and unwind surrounded by lush vegetation.