CNC machines are electromechanical devices that manipulate machine shop tools with inputs from computers. The name "CNC" actually means Computer Numerical Control. It is one of two methods (SLA SLS/SLM, SLS/SLM and FDM being the other) that can be used to create prototypes from digital files. Engineering and prototyping companies are able to use milling machine, to mill and work with various materials, like wood and metals.

The first CNC machines were invented in the 1950s and 1940s. They depended on a telecommunications data storage technology known as "punched tape" or "perforated paper tape." The punched tape technology has become outdated as the data medium rapidly shifted to analog and later to digital computer processing in the 1950s and 1960s. As new technology and better digital processing power are introduced, cnc machinist continue to improve their efficiency.

How does it work

Machining refers to the act of turning a piece of the material of stock, like blocks or plastic into a finished item. It's typically a prototype part. It makes use of controlled material removal. FDM (3D printing) is a different prototype development technique. CNC uses digital instructions that are derived from an Computer-Aided Manufacturing file (CAM) or Computer-Aided Design file (CAD). Solidworks 3D is an example of this. Although the CAM and CAD files do not control the CNC machine itself but they serve as the blueprint for the CNC to create the designs. The fabrication shop interprets the design and provides directions for cutting prototype pieces.

The capability to program computers to control machines quickly improves productivity in shops by automating the highly technical and labor-intensive procedures. Automated cutting speeds up the development of prototype components, particularly in cases where the material is critical (like polypropylene).

Most machining processes require the use of multiple tools to make the desired cuts (e.g. the use of different sizes drill bits). Common tools are usually integrated into common units, or cells, using Computer Numerical Control machines. Basic machines move on one or two axes, while more advanced machines can move laterally along the x-axis, along with the y-axis, along the z-axis longitudinally, and frequently rotate about the axis or axes. Multi-axis machines are able to flip components over automatically. This allows you to take material that was previously "underneath". Entirely automated cuts are generally more accurate than what is possible using manual inputs. That said, sometimes finishing work like etching is more easily accomplished with a hand, and even simple cuts that require extensive design work to program the machine for automated operation.