The hack on Colonial Pipeline is being seen as one of the most significant attacks on critical national infrastructure in history.The pipeline transports nearly half of the east coast's fuel supplies and prices at pumps are expected to rise if the outage is long lasting.For many people, the image of the oil industry is one of pipes, pumps and greasy black liquid.In truth, the type of modern operation Colonial Pipeline runs is extremely digital.

Pressure sensors, thermostats, valves and pumps are used to monitor and control the flow of diesel, petrol and jet fuel across hundreds of miles of piping.Colonial even has a high-tech "smart pig" (pipeline inspection gauge) robot that scurries through its pipes checking for anomalies.
All this operational technology is connected to a central system.And as cyber-experts such as Jon Niccolls, from CheckPoint, explain, where there is connectivity, there is risk of cyber-attack:"All the devices used to run a modern pipeline are controlled by computers, rather than being controlled physically by people," he says."If they are connected to an organisation's internal network and it gets hit with a cyber-attack, then the pipeline itself is vulnerable to malicious attacks."

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