A battery management system (BMS) is an intrinsic component of an automobile as it maintains the battery in operational condition, predicts battery life, and protects the storage units from damage. The system performs these tasks by controlling the charging process, protecting and balancing the cells, storing and monitoring historical operational data, and determining the state of health (SOH), remaining useful life (RUL), and state of charge (SOC) of the battery. This system aims to…

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), 2.3 million electric cars were sold across the world, in 2020. High volume sales of electric vehicles (EVs) can be attributed to the stringent government emission norms, on account of the rising environmental pollution concerns. Over the last decade, greenhouse gas (GHG) levels have significantly surged due to the vast number of fossil fuel-based automobiles operating on global roads. To mitigate the adverse effects of GHGs, governments…